<mets:mets OBJID="eprint_2671" LABEL="Eprints Item" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/METS/ http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/mets.xsd http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-3.xsd" xmlns:mets="http://www.loc.gov/METS/" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><mets:metsHdr CREATEDATE="2026-10-02T09:51:39Z"><mets:agent ROLE="CUSTODIAN" TYPE="ORGANIZATION"><mets:name>UzIndex Research Repository</mets:name></mets:agent></mets:metsHdr><mets:dmdSec ID="DMD_eprint_2671_mods"><mets:mdWrap MDTYPE="MODS"><mets:xmlData><mods:titleInfo><mods:title>ТОРГОВЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ В МАНГИСТАУ В XIX – НАЧАЛЕ XX ВЕКА</mods:title></mods:titleInfo><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">Айнаш</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Бекенжанова</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:abstract>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В статье рассматривается развитие торговых отношений в Мангистау в &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;XIX&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; – начале &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;XX&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; века. Мангистау благодаря выгодному географическому положению на побережье Каспийского моря стал важным торговым узлом между Россией, Средней Азией и прикаспийскими территориями. Анализируются вопросы экспорта и импорта товаров, развитие рыболовства, соледобычи, а также усиление товарно-денежных отношений. Отмечается рост торговых связей с Астраханью, Баку и другими центрами, увеличение числа торговцев и расширение сети лавок и складов. Торговые отношения сыграли ключевую роль в интеграции Мангистау в экономическую систему Российской империи и в развитии экономических отношений в регионе.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</mods:abstract><mods:originInfo><mods:dateIssued encoding="iso8601">2026-06-05</mods:dateIssued></mods:originInfo><mods:genre>Article</mods:genre></mets:xmlData></mets:mdWrap></mets:dmdSec><mets:amdSec ID="TMD_eprint_2671"><mets:rightsMD ID="rights_eprint_2671_mods"><mets:mdWrap MDTYPE="MODS"><mets:xmlData><mods:useAndReproduction>
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